Since 1960s, biogas technology has been introduced and attracted much attention in Vietnam as an effective solution to supply energy as well as diminish of environmental pollution in the countryside. Through several periods of development, biogas technology has developed vigorously within the framework of sanitation, agriculture and rural development projects with many types of new biogas digesters. A study of biogas development was conducted in some Northern provinces forward the implementation of the mitigation targets in the National Determined Contribution (NDC) of Vietnam.
Livestock production and biogas plant construction and the implemented projects in some Northern mountainous provinces such as Thai Nguyen, Phu Tho, Vinh Phuc and Bac Giang were analyzed in this project. Thanks to advantages of land conditions and suitable investment strategy, the value of livestock production in these provinces had increase significantly in the period of 2008-2015. Thousands biogas plants with average volume of 15-40 m3 and average cost of 0.6-1.398 million VND per 1m3 were implemented under the main projects: Biogas program for animal husbandry sector in Vietnam, Quality and safety enhancement for agriculture product and biogas plant, Biogas program for animal husbandry sector in Vietnam and Low carbon agriculture support project.
Biogas plant was considered as a technology that could contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions by three factors: livestock waste management, replacing fossil fuels and producing bio-fertilizer for replacing a part of chemical fertilizer. Although biogas plant had multi-benefits for end users but infact only 0.3% of farms have installed biogas models for animal waste treatment because of many hindrances. Besides the common difficulties, the mountainous Northern provinces still had their own difficulties as the fluctuation in stock price, the limited awareness of local people on environmental protection and the difficulty in transportation of materials. To deal with these hindrances and encourage the livestock household and farm, several solutions had discussed about developing policy, mechanism and biogas technology, to completing environmental management and supporting for investment and development of renewable energy in general and of biogas in particular.
The potential for biogas plant development in some Northern provinces was discussed including the proposed implementation plan to meet the expected digestion installation up to 2020 with vision to 2030. Three Northern mountainous provinces had approved livestock development plant up to 2020 as Thai Nguyen, Vinh Phuc. Bac Giang had approved livestock development plant up to 2020 with vision to 2030, while Phu Tho province had already developed livestock development and waiting for approval. Along with the social and economic development and livestock strategy of province, it was expected that 53,649 biogas digestions will be constructed till 2020 and 120,011 plants will be installed up to 2030. The total estimated GHG emission of four Northern mountainous provinces during 2008-2030 was expected to be 1018.8 thousand tons CO2eq and it will help Vietnam agriculture reduction 32.1% comparison with the target raised on Vietnam’s NDC.
Biogas Technology in Vietnam
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